The Introduction of copper nanoparticles

Copper Nanoparticles, nanodots or Nanopowder are achromatic brown global gamey surface area metallic element molecules. Nanoscale atomic number 29 corpuscles are commonly 10-30 micromillimetres (micromillimeter) with specific expanse (Social Security Administration) in the thirty - seventy m2/chiliad ambit and as well usable in with an intermediate corpuscle size of it of seventy -a hundred Land of Enchantment chain of mountains with a particular surface area from close to cinque - ten m2/g. Nano Copper atoms are also uncommitted fashionable passivated and in hyper- high innocence and high pressure pureness and C coated and circulated chassises. It is in addition to uncommitted every bit a nanofluid done the George William Russell Nanofluid product chemical group. Nanofluids are by and large delineated equally froze nanoparticles incoming solution either employing wetter or come on armorial bearing engineering science. Nanofluid diffusion and coat extract technical foul counselling comprises likewise useable. Another nanostructures include nanorods, nanowhiskers, nanohorns, nanopyramids and another nanocomposites. Come out functionalized nanoparticles leave the corpuscles to cost preferentially adsorbable at the coat user interface expending chemically constipated polymers. Evolution enquiry embodies current in Nano Electronics and Photonics fabrics, such as MEMS and NEMS, Bio Nano fabrics, such as Biomarkers, Bio nosology & Bio sensing element, and concerned Nano cloths, because economic consumption inwards Polymers, fabrics, Fuel cellular telephone Layers, complexes and solar power stuffs. Nanopowders are psychoanalyzed as chemic composing away ICP, mote size distribution (PSD) by laser diffraction, and for Specific Surface Area (SSA) by BET multi-point correlation techniques. Novel nanotechnology coverings as well let in Quantum constellates. Gamy expanses give notice also embody attained using resolutions and development slim motion-picture show from skinning targets and evaporation engineering employing pellets, retinal rod and hydrofoil.. Coatings because copper color nanocrystals include as an anti-microbial, anti-biotic and anti-fungal (fungicide) agent when incorporate in coverings, plastics and materials, in cop diet add-ons, inward the interlink because footling and combined circuits, because they are power to assimilate radioactive caesium and inwards extremely potent metals and alloys and in nanowire, nanofiber and and in certain alloy and catalyst applications.. Further research is being done for their potential electrical, dielectric, magnetic, optical, imaging, catalytic, biomedical and bioscience properties. Copper Nano molecules are in general in real time acquirable innermost intensities. Supplemental technical foul, inquiry and guard (MSDS) selective information costs accessible.

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The Introduction of Nano silver colloid

Nano silver colloid is to be nano-size metallic silver simple substance. Most of nano-silver particle size of about 25 nm, for E. coli, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and dozens of pathogenic micro-organisms have a strong inhibitory and killing effect, but does not produce resistance. Animal experiments show that the amount of nano-silver antimicrobial powder to even thousands of times the standard dose, the animals tested and no poisoning. At the same time, it also has a damaged epithelial cells to promote repair. It is worth mentioning that the antibacterial effect of the product water become more enhanced, more conducive to disease treatment.
Nano-silver colloidal silver in about 10-30nm particle size, the product of khaki, better stability. Concentration of 100ppm, can be diluted before use.
Nano-silver particles directly into the cell and oxygen metabolizing enzymes (-SH) combination of the bacteria suffocate the unique mechanism of action, can kill most of their contact with bacteria, fungi, mold, spores and other microorganisms. The national study found that eight authorities: their resistance to drug-resistant pathogens such as E. coli, resistant Staphylococcus aureus, resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, resistant enterococci, anaerobic bacteria, which are full of antibacterial activity; surface of burns and trauma common bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and other G +, G-sex pathogens have bactericidal effect; of Chlamydia trachomatis, a sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae also has a powerful bactericidal effect.
An antibiotic can kill about six kinds of pathogens, while nano-silver can kill hundreds of pathogenic microorganisms. Kill bacteria, fungi, trichomonas, branch / chlamydia, gonorrhea, strong bactericidal effect of antibiotic resistant bacteria have the same role in the killing! Nano-silver particles with superior permeability, can quickly penetrate the skin 2mm sterilization, for ordinary bacteria, stubborn bacteria, resistant bacteria and fungi cause deep tissue infections than have good bactericidal effect. Nano-silver can promote wound healing, promoting repair and regeneration of damaged cells, to rot myogenic, anti-bacterial anti-inflammatory tissue around the wound to improve micro-circulation, activate and promote the growth of cells, accelerate wound healing and reduce scar formation. Nano-silver is non-antibiotic microbicides: nano-silver can kill all pathogenic micro-organisms, more than antibiotics, 10nm particle size of nano-silver's unique antimicrobial mechanism can rapidly kill the bacteria directly to the loss of reproductive capacity, therefore, can not produce the next generation of drug resistance, can effectively avoid the resistance caused by recurrent permanently.
Nano-silver properties:

1.        broad-spectrum antimicrobial, and antibacterial effects lasting: for including bacteria, fungi, trichomonas, mycoplasma, including a variety of harmful bacteria have a very good suppression or kill; have the same killing power of drug-resistant , antibacterial rate of 99.9%.

2.        deodorant: getting rid of the odor of organic corrosion.

3.        safety and environmental protection, non-irritating to the human body without harm.

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The Introduction of carboxylated carbon nanotubes

The carboxylated carbon nanotubes acid rate (Carboxyl ratio) : 2.31 wt % (The rate of surface carbon atom: 8-14 mol %) water-soluble carbon nanotubes performance: but even immiscible in inorganic powder materials.

USES: preparing inorganic conductive or inorganic reinforced materials. Preparation of polymer conductive or polymer reinforced composites. Oil-soluble carbon nanotubes: performance: but even immiscible in polymer materials. CAS number: 308068-56-

Packing: bottled validity: a month

Carboxylated semiconductor and metallic carbon nanotubes under transverse electrical fields are investigated through density functional theory based on first-principles calculations. The external field polarizes the system, resulting in an induced electric dipole moment toward the incident field with the modulus directly dependent on the field strength. The structural and electronic properties of the resulting system due to the orbital hybridization between the nanotube and COOH states are shown to be affected by the applied field. These results open new perspectives for different potential uses, such as to enhance the capacity of the composite to bind and characterize other substances, especially polar molecules, and as mechanisms to monitor the bound substances or control electron injection or detection, by varying the external field through a controlled application.

To enhance its pseudocapacitance, ruthenium oxide must be formed with a hydrated amorphous and porous structure and a small size, because this structure provides a large surface area and forms conduction paths for protons to easily access even the inner part of the RuO2. In this study, we report that highly dispersed RuO2 nanoparticles could be obtained on carboxylated carbon nanotubes. This could be achieved by preventing agglomeration among RuO2 nanoparticles by bond formation between the RuO2 and the surface carboxyl groups of the carbon nanotubes. Highly dispersed RuO2 nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes showed an increased capacitance, which can be explained by the fact that with the decrease in size protons were able to access the inner part of RuO2, so that its utilization was increased. The high dispersion of RuO2 is therefore a key factor to increase the capacitance of nanocomposite electrode materials for supercapacitors.

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What is CMK-3

CMK-3 over the CAC, adsorption capacity, adsorption rate, and equilibrium time is short, is a good adsorbent, while of the mesoporous carbon CMK-3 for phenol adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics. CMK-3 adsorption of phenol used Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm to describe the correlation is good, but more in line with Freundlich empirical formula. were used to simulate first-order reaction and second-order reaction model examined the adsorption kinetics and the calculation of these dynamics model rate constants. analog second-order reaction model and experimental data a good correlation between the respectively calculated thermodynamic parameters ΔG0, ΔS0 and ΔH0, results show that, CMK-3 for phenol adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous .
Mesoporous carbon is a new type of non-silicon-based mesoporous materials with large specific surface area (up to 2500m2 / g) and pore volume (up to 2.25cm3 / g), is expected to catalyst, hydrogen storage materials, electrode materials and other aspects of important applications, so are people’s attention. In addition, mesoporous materials obtained by the double-layer capacitance charge storage material above the metal oxide particles assembled electric capacity, far higher than commercially available metal oxide double-layer capacitors.
And pure mesoporous silica materials, mesoporous carbon materials exhibit unique properties, high specific surface area, high porosity; pore size adjustable within a certain range; mesoporous shapes, hole wall composition, structure and nature of the adjustable; by optimizing the synthesis conditions can be high thermal stability and hydrothermal stability; synthesis is simple, easy to operate, no physiological toxicity. It is still in its attraction of fuel cells, molecular sieve, adsorption, catalysis, electrochemistry and other areas of potential applications. In recent years, mesoporous materials science has become an international cross-chemistry, physics, materials, biology and other disciplines cross one of the hot areas of research, development of materials science have become an important milestone.
Mesoporous material as a photocatalyst for the treatment of environmental contaminants is one of the hot research in recent years. For example, mesoporous TiO2 Bi Nami TiO2 (P25) has a higher photocatalytic activity, because the mesoporous structure with high surface area to improve contact with organic molecules, an increase of surface adsorbed water and hydroxyl, water and hydroxyl groups with the catalyst surface can be excited by light the reaction of hydroxyl radical hole, and hydroxyl radical degradation of organic matter is a strong oxidant, can put a lot of biodegradable organic matter is oxidized to CO2 and water and other minerals. In addition, the ordered mesoporous materials for selective doping can improve the optical activity of visible light photocatalytic degradation of organic waste to increase the efficiency.
Now widely used in domestic water chlorine disinfection process though killed all bacteria, but had chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, monochloroacetic acid and a series of toxic organic compounds, its serious “three letter” effects (cancer, teratogenic, mutagenic) has attracted international scientific and medical community’s attention. Through the pores of mesoporous materials received on the inner wall of the school γ-chloropropyl triethoxysilane, has been functionalized mesoporous CPS-HMS, the functional mesoporous molecular sieves to remove traces of chloroform in water results are obvious, the removal rate of up to 97%. After the treated water chloroform concentrations below the national standard, even lower than the drinking water standards.


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The Use of graphene oxide

The graphite oxide , formerly known as oxide or graphitic acid is a compound of carbon , oxygen and hydrogen in varying proportions by graphite obtained with strong oxidizing agents. The bulk material is oxidized to a yellow solid with a C: O 2.1 to 2.9 , which retains the layered structure of graphite , but with a distance much larger and irregular.
The bulk material is dispersed in the basic solutions to monomolecular sheets to produce a graph similar to graphene known , form a single layer of graphite. Graphene sheets were used to prepare a paper as a solid material , and have recently attracted considerable interest as a possible intermediary graph. But by 2010 this target in the distant future , this method since graphs with many chemical and structural defects .

With hydrazine hydrate suspension to reduce some of the graphite oxide 100 ° C, 24 hours  , or by hydrogen peroxide plasma map some of the second action ,  or pulsed xenon flash light is strong .  However , this approach will be less than 10 S / cm conductivity curve  and charge from a 200 cm2 / (V · S) orifice , from .5 to 30 cm2 / (V · S) for the electrons. These height values ​​as oxides , but there are smaller scale than the original graph several orders of magnitude lower . Atomic force microscopy showed that the carbon – oxygen layer is distorted , it ‘s a significant business within the oxide layer thickness of the rough , reduced after . These errors occurred in the Raman spectra of graphene .

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The Introduction of SAPO-34

SAPO-34 is a similar crystal structure of the microporous zeolite Ling, a new type of molecular sieve, are trigonal, with eight yuan of its cage-like crystal ring network structure. SAPO-34 molecular sieves with appropriate acidic and pore structure in the MTO (Methanol to olefins), DMTO other catalytic processes to deliver superior performance. As the SAPO-34 have high thermal stability and resistance to water heat stability, it can be used as automotive exhaust catalyst. In addition, SAPO-34 also has a good adsorption function, gas adsorption and separation also has a wide range of applications.
SAPO-34 molecular sieves to the current preparation methods based hydrothermal method. Gas-phase molecular sieve as a method of preparation, such as the ZSM-5 zeolite research more in-depth, but in the aluminum phosphate molecular sieve synthesis research is not over. Gas-phase synthesis is in the process, the first synthesis of the zeolite precursor solution under certain conditions, to remove moisture and volatile solvents prepared rubber, adhesive and then placed in the upper part of the reactor, while the bottom of the reactor by adding a certain amount of organic amine and water mixture as a template, to a certain temperature, reaction time has been zeolite products. We use a variety of organic template, such as morpholine, triethylamine, triethanolamine, diisopropylamine and two propylamine as a template prepared SAPO-34 molecular sieve. SAPO-34 molecular sieves in order to increase the crystallinity and the yield, we use the two-template prepared SAPO-34 molecular sieve, that is, in both the adhesive and the liquid part of the added organic amine template to prepare SAPO-34 molecular sieve.
Technical Advantages
1. instead of the traditional use of gas-phase hydrothermal synthesis of SAPO-34 molecular sieve, eliminating the need for hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites with the mother liquor separation process, reducing waste emissions and reduce labor intensity.
2.gas-phase synthesis of SAPO-34 molecular sieve, high conversion rate, particle size is easy to control, the range of 0.5-5μm.
3. The use of microwave heating can greatly shorten the zeolite synthesis time, improve efficiency, reduce energy consumption.
Methanol to olefins (MTO) reaction is the most promising alternative to conventional oil production of light olefins route emerging process route. MTO reaction as the core of the catalyst synthesis become focus of the study. SAPO-34 molecular sieve with its high methanol conversion rate and excellent ethylene, propylene selectivity become the best catalyst for MTO reaction.
However, due to SAPO-34 microporous molecular sieve by its limitations, Kong Daorong susceptible to blockage resulting in a shorter carbon catalyst life. So effectively improve the SAPO-34 molecular sieve catalyst life for promoting industrialization MTO reaction has an extremely important significance. Working on this paper the synthesis of SAPO-34 molecular sieves and modified, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the catalyst life. Paper examines the morpholine (MOR), triethylamine (TEA) and tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide (TEAOH) template, and three kinds of gas transfer (VPT) method for the synthesis of SAPO-34 molecular sieve effect. Purpose is to find a cheap, simple and stable formulations SAPO-34 molecular sieve synthesis, provide a good basis for its modification.
Results of the surface: (1) three template synthesis catalyst grain size descending to MOR-SAPO-34> TEA-SAPO-34> TEAOH-SAPO-34; (2) from long to short catalyst life for the TEAOH -SAPO-34 ≈ TEA-SAPO-34> MOR-SAPO-34; (3) although, as a template TEAOH SAPO-34 molecular sieve synthesis of the longest life expectancy, but because the application is not suitable for TEAOH expensive, so in order to TEA as a template for synthesis SAPO-34 molecular sieve is more suitable for industrial and laboratory applications. (4) VPT synthesis of SAPO-34 molecular sieve, because the crystallization caused by the lack of dispersion medium low, short life.

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The Use of carboxyl graphene powder

Carboxyl graphene powder is yellow powder, soluble in water, 5% carboxyl content, carboxyl parameters have been out of the products, product performance is very good.
1) Since graphene has a very high specific surface area, leading to its reunion is very serious, difficult to disperse polar or non polar solvents.
We are completely solve the problem of dispersion of graphene, its application in composite materials cleared the way;
2) graphene oxide is graphene-modified intermediates, we have been carboxylated graphene surface carboxyl content of 5.0 wt.% Or so, greatly conducive to the next step of the application;
3) available in volume quantities of graphene oxide film (paper) and graphite film (paper);
4) can be ordered graphene or graphene oxide dispersion (polar or non polar solvents may be);
5) and the American elite to launch high-end modified graphene – amination of graphene and graphene-based thiol。

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What is carboxyl graphene powder

Carboxyl graphene powder is yellow powder, soluble in water, 5% carboxyl content, carboxyl parameters have been out of the products, product performance is very good.
1) Since graphene has a very high specific surface area, leading to its reunion is very serious, difficult to disperse polar or non polar solvents.
We are completely solve the problem of dispersion of graphene, its application in composite materials cleared the way;
2) graphene oxide is graphene-modified intermediates, we have been carboxylated graphene surface carboxyl content of 5.0 wt.% Or so, greatly conducive to the next step of the application;
3) available in volume quantities of graphene oxide film (paper) and graphite film (paper);
4) can be ordered graphene or graphene oxide dispersion (polar or non polar solvents may be);
5) and the American elite to launch high-end modified graphene – amination of graphene and graphene-based thiol.

 

 

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The Use of graphite oxide

graphite oxide is a compound of carbon , oxygen and hydrogen in varying proportions by graphite obtained with strong oxidizing agents. The bulk material is oxidized to a yellow solid with a C: O 2.1 to 2.9 , which retains the layered structure of graphite , but with a distance much larger and irregular.

the color of graphite oxide  remains yellow, water-soluble is very good, no precipitation. Content of dissolved more than 99% single, micro-chip the size of 1 to 5 microns, the thickness of about 0.8 to 1.2 nm. This product has many advantages:1. preparation of clear, mature technology, easy to write articles for scientific research;2. good water solubility, sheet size, uniform, controllable;3. no Suixiao particles, high-temperature graphene oxide powder prepared by small particles and more layers curl is not conducive to experiments carried out.

With hydrazine hydrate suspension to reduce some of the graphite oxide 100 ° C, 24 hours  , or by hydrogen peroxide plasma map some of the second action , [ 15 ] or pulsed xenon flash light is strong .  However , this approach will be less than 10 S / cm conductivity curve and charge from a 200 cm2 / (V · S) orifice , from .5 to 30 cm2 / (V · S) for the electrons. These height values ​​as oxides , but there are smaller scale than the original graph several orders of magnitude lower . Atomic force microscopy showed that the carbon – oxygen layer is distorted , it ‘s a significant business within the oxide layer thickness of the rough , reduced after . These errors occurred in the Raman spectra of graphene .

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The Use of SBA15

 SBA15 mesoporous molecular sieves are a kind of synthesis it is the rise in recent years, another important chemical technology, in catalysis, separation, bio-and nano-material, and a wide range of applications, and its high hydrothermal stability advantages of catalysis, adsorption and separation of inorganic materials and other disciplines to develop advanced new research field. It can be expected, with the deepening of research for SBA15, the results inevitably in the chemical industry has a new breakthrough.
Synthesis Mesoporous SBA-15 synthesis is typical: in 35-40 ℃ under the conditions of the triblock surfactant P123 (Aldrich, EO20PO70EO20, Ma = 5800) dissolved in deionized water, added to which are silicon acid ethyl ester (TEOS), hydrochloric acid (HCl), vigorous stirring continued for more than 24h, 24h crystallized into more than ethylene bottle, filtered, washed and dried, and finally calcined at 550 ℃ for more than 5h to remove the template agent or washing with solvent reflux to the template, and then filtered, washed and dried, the resulting white powder is the SBA-15. The raw materials used in the experiment the molar ratio of about 1TEOS: 0.017P123: 5.88HCl: 136H2O.
Synthesis Mechanism Mesoporous SBA-15 synthesis in line with the neutral template mechanism (S0I): neutral surfactant P123 (S0), and neutral inorganic silicon species (I0) through hydrogen bonding, there is strong electrostatic interaction, and further hydrolyzed with silanols and condensation lead to the accumulation of short-range hexagonal particles and the formation of the skeleton. SBA-15 synthesis under mild conditions, easy to remove the surfactant, and are unlikely to cause structural collapse; neutral surfactants and neutral inorganic precursor than the repulsive force between ionic surfactant and inorganic precursors with charge repulsion force is much smaller, can form a thick cell wall, thereby increasing the zeolite framework structure of the thermal and hydrothermal stability.
Affect  FactorsAffect the mesoporous SBA-15 structure of many factors, mainly the following aspects: Templin M, franck A and other studies have shown that organic copolymer as a template by changing its own chemical structure, chain length, functional groups, to regulate product size, mechanical and thermal performance purposes. Zhao and other used a new method – the co-solvent method to control the appearance of mesoporous materials and shape of particles. As in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent were obtained for the highly ordered, large aperture, “donut”-like mesoporous SBA-15. By controlling the total amount of solvent added, polarity, etc. can also change the size of SBA-15 morphology, such as the common solvent THF can be synthesized as “intestinal egg”-like SBA-15. By selecting the silicon source, adding additives to control the morphology of SBA-15. If you choose to use fat as the silicon is silica source has been the “wheat-like” SBA-15; choose is acid methyl ester as a silicon source to get the “cashew-like” SBA-15; added electrolytes, such as K2SO4, will be a round sheet SBA-15. Kohji Miyazawa and Shinji Inagaki synthesized by changing the temperature and the silicon source and template to control the ratio of SBA-15 pore volume and porosity, they pointed out that the temperature is higher than 100 ℃, can not be synthesized mesoporous SBA-15, increasing the silicon source compared with the template agent is an effective way to increase the pore volume. Y Bennadja, P Beaunier, who also observed that inorganic and organic precursors very close relationship between the precursor for synthesis of SBA-15 has a great impact. Ye Wang, Masato Noguchi synthetic aperture in the SBA-15 is adjustable between 3.6-12nm, they are joined trimethylbenzene as the expansion agent use increased after the aperture synthesis method of heat treatment.


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What is Glucose isomerase

 

Glucose isomerase  is a protein hydrolysis enzyme. White to subtle stitching amorphous yellow powder. Soluble in water, its main effect is that of low molecular peptide hydrolyzed to skin. Glucose isomerase is the production of fructose syrup biological catalyst. Glucose isomerase (GI) say again xylose isomerase (XyI) (EC 5.3.1.5), can will D-xylose, D-glucose, D-such as DNA aldose into the corresponding ketone sugar.Glucose isomerase also called xylose isomerase (ECS. 3.1.5), of microbial enzymes, can will D a glucose, D a xylose, D-such as DNA into the corresponding ketone sugar, is one kind has significant economic benefit of YongMei industry. The in vitro certain conditions, because can catalytic D a glucose for D a fructose, so is the industry from its high starch large-scale fruit syrup of key enzymes.
This product conforms to the United Nations food and agriculture organization (FAO) and the world health organization (WTO), food and agriculture joint economic committee (UECFA) promulgated by the edible enzyme preparation standards. Industry, glucose isomerase is mass from starch preparation fructose syrup of key enzymes. Scientific research, glucose isomerase is the study of the enzyme and a catalytic mechanism protein engineering technology is one of the best model. This product is about 1.2 mm in diameter of brown irregular lever. The optimal pH7.5, the optimum reaction temperature 68 ℃. Glucose isomerase catalyzes D-glucose formation D-fructose isomerization reactions, is the industry to prepare high fruit syrup of key enzymes. Glucose isomerase is a heterogeneous immobilized enzymes. This paper proposes a new restructuring glucose isomerase (rGI) properties. RGI optimum effect temperature of 90 ° C ￣ 100 ° C, the optimal role for 7.0 pH. RGI has good thermal stability, 90 ° C of the enzyme live about 5 h half-life. RGI enzyme expression rely on live divalent metal ions. In the 90 ° C, pH7.0 and 5 h, rGI isomerization 30% (w/v) glucose liquid for fructose isomerization rate reached 54.8%.

GI attends to because an concerning fashion model because canvassing structure function family relationship* along brought forward biochemical and genetic engineering science know-hows. In addition to thems academician grandness, it consumes encountered accumulated attending along industriousnesses since thems economic consumption in Bringing about HFCS and because it is electric potential applications programme inwards the product of fermentation alcohol from hemicelluloses.Glucose isomerase is the production of fructose syrup biological catalyst. Glucose isomerase (GI) say again xylose isomerase (XyI) (EC 5.3.1.5), can will D-xylose, D-glucose, D-such as DNA aldose into the corresponding ketone sugar. This product conforms to the United Nations food and agricultural organization (FDA), the world health organization (WTO), food and agriculture joint economic committee (UECFA) promulgated by the edible enzyme preparation standards.
Industry, glucose isomerase is mass from starch preparation fructose syrup of key enzymes. Scientific research, glucose isomerase is the study of the enzyme and a catalytic mechanism protein engineering technology is one of the best model. This product is about 1.2 mm in diameter of brown irregular lever. The optimal pH7.5, the optimum reaction temperature 68 ℃. Cu2, Fe2, Ca2 enzyme activity of poor play; Mg2, Co2 can promote transformation

 

 

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The Introduction of MCM-48

MCM-48 is a Mobil Composition of Matter No.48 of abbreviations, transliteration is the No. 48 Mobil synthetics. It is Mobil (Mobil) Chemical developed a mesoporous molecular sieve, is the world’s most studied one of mesoporous materials.Mesoporous molecular sieves of MCM-48 type were prepared by conventional hydrothermal and novel room temperature syntheses. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies have shown that nonagglomerated uniform spheres of size ca. 0.5 μm were obtained by the room temperature method. Internal pore structure was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution nitrogen and argon adsorption. Pore size distributions were calculated from low-temperature nitrogen and argon adsorption isotherms by the nonlocal density functional theory (NLDFT) method. A novel approach to calculating the pore wall thickness of MCM-48 from XRD and gas adsorption isotherms was employed. The approach utilizes intrinsic symmetry of MCM-48 pore structure, cubic Ia3d space group, revealed by XRD and combines the results of the pore size distribution analysis with general geometrical relations between structural parameters of the gyroid minimal surface. The pore wall thickness of MCM-48 calculated from both nitrogen and argon adsorption data was found to be ca. 8−10 Å, in good agreement with the estimates obtained from TEM.

MCM-48 are often directly use abbreviations. M41S series of mesoporous molecular sieves with 2 ~ 10nm around the regular channel, about 1000cm ~ 2 / g of high surface area and easy introduction of hetero-atom amorphous pore walls and other unique advantages, is widely used in macromolecular catalysis, separation and life sciences environmental protection and other hot areas. One cubic phase MCM-48 has two sets of mutually connected three-dimensional cross-channel, can significantly enhance the mass transfer process and ease the reaction catalyst coking, and some shape-selective macromolecular reaction effect. Therefore, this choice of MCM-48 as a synthetic target, mainly on the Si-MCM-48 and Si-MCM-48 membrane synthesis conditions, ie use template, silicon source, base sources, crystallization time and crystallization temperature on the impact of product structure, and on this basis, the optimum conditions used in pure silicon system, the introduction of different sources of aluminum and titanium source precursor was prepared by heteroatom mesoporous Al-MCM-48, Ti-MCM-48, mainly characterized by XRD, SEM and UV-Vis products examined were characterized by means of the phase structure, surface morphology and the heteroatom in the zeolite framework in the distribution. Heteroatom in the preparation of mesoporous molecular sieve process, focused on the synthesis of the alkalinity of the mother liquor from the phase structure of the product, and found that the introduction of different aluminum source precursors, the synthetic mother liquor by precise modulation of alkalinity, sodium aluminum system increases with the alkalinity in order to be lamellar phase MCM-50, cubic MCM-48 and MCM-41 hexagonal structure of different products, and aluminum sulfate and aluminum isopropoxide in the system increases with the alkalinity of the product the order in contrast, the mother liquor by controlling the alkalinity of a silica-alumina ratio of 20 to get the Al-MCM-48 product. With isopropyl alcohol solution of titanium tetrachloride as the titanium source precursor prepared Ti-MCM-48, we found a similar phase transition rules, and silicon-titanium ratio decreases with the mother liquor alkalinity control tend to weaken the impact of product structure, This shows that the system introduced in the synthesis of organic alcohol weakened the alkalinity of the product structure, control, and n-butanol after the introduction of this effect is more obvious. Mother liquor alkalinity is also available through the control of titanium silicon ratio of 50 Ti-MCM-48 product. Last examined the synthesis of Al-MCM-48 in the alkylation of benzene with propylene, cumene transalkylation and cracking two acid-catalyzed reactions such as catalytic properties, with the styrene oxidation reaction as a probe to study the Ti -MCM-48 catalytic oxidation performance. The results show that high heteroatom content of MCM-48 were introduced in the acid and redox center has good catalytic activity, but also help generate a larger macromolecular product or a product of the transition state.

  

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What is Graphite oxide

Graphite oxide , formerly known as oxide or graphitic acid is a compound of carbon , oxygen and hydrogen in varying proportions by graphite obtained with strong oxidizing agents. The bulk material is oxidized to a yellow solid with a C: O 2.1 to 2.9 , which retains the layered structure of graphite , but with a distance much larger and irregular.
The bulk material is dispersed in the basic solutions to monomolecular sheets to produce a graph similar to graphene known , form a single layer of graphite. Graphene sheets were used to prepare a paper as a solid material , and have recently attracted considerable interest as a possible intermediary graph. But by 2010 this target in the distant future , this method since graphs with many chemical and structural defects .

With hydrazine hydrate suspension to reduce some of the graphite oxide 100 ° C, 24 hours  , or by hydrogen peroxide plasma map some of the second action ,  or pulsed xenon flash light is strong .  However , this approach will be less than 10 S / cm conductivity curve  and charge from a 200 cm2 / (V · S) orifice , from .5 to 30 cm2 / (V · S) for the electrons. These height values ​​as oxides , but there are smaller scale than the original graph several orders of magnitude lower . Atomic force microscopy showed that the carbon – oxygen layer is distorted , it ‘s a significant business within the oxide layer thickness of the rough , reduced after . These errors occurred in the Raman spectra of graphene .

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What is MCM-41

 MCM-41 is a new type of nano structure material, has featured six party in orderly arrangement, size uniform, pore diameter can be in 2-10 nm range continuous adjustment, high spicific surface etc. Characteristics. MCM-and from the traditional synthesis Molecule sieve synthesis is the biggest characteristic of the template, different, traditional zeolite synthesis of molecular sieve Molecule or small organic Molecule in a single molecular or metal ion for template agent and ZSM-5 as an example, the typical template, for four propyl amine ion, crystal is through the acid salt in the template, around the formation of condensation. And the synthesis of MCM-41 is different, it is in large Molecule molecular surfactants as a template,, template, alkyl chain generally more than 10 carbon atom, about the formation of it has already proposed two mechanism, and continue to improve and perfect. Compared with other zeolite materials, MCM-41 skeleton aluminum species are relatively poor thermal stability, in the roasting process, aluminum frame by frame fall off as a species skeleton aluminum species.Pure silicon MCM-41 itself acid is very weak, as catalytic activity directly is low. Therefore, researchers often the modification, to increase its catalytic activity.
Modification methods include：
(1) synthetic skeleton structure with miscellaneous atomic MCM-41, coordination of the four central skeleton ion such as: A13 +, Cu2 + +, and Zn2 Fe3, +, and Ga3 + from anions and surface center, but through the protons or other transition metal ions to compete so as to form the catalytic activity center.
(2) using in heteropoly acid etc are method, made a series of applicable to different reaction of multiphase catalysts, such as: B acid hydrogen type MCM-41; Doping L acid type MCM-1; Mixed metal oxide alkaline or sexual MCM-41; Bear in PW12, SIW12, such as the PMo12 MCM-41 heterpoly acid; And in SO42 / bear TiO2, ZrO2 / SO42- such as solid super acid type MCM-41.
(3) MCM-41 hole assembly solid in transition metal complex molecules.


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What is SBA15

SBA15 mesoporous molecular sieves are a kind of synthesis it is the rise in recent years, another important chemical technology, in catalysis, separation, bio-and nano-material, and a wide range of applications, and its high hydrothermal stability advantages of catalysis, adsorption and separation of inorganic materials and other disciplines to develop advanced new research field. It can be expected, with the deepening of research for SBA15, the results inevitably in the chemical industry has a new breakthrough.
Synthesis Mesoporous SBA-15 synthesis is typical: in 35-40 ℃ under the conditions of the triblock surfactant P123 (Aldrich, EO20PO70EO20, Ma = 5800) dissolved in deionized water, added to which are silicon acid ethyl ester (TEOS), hydrochloric acid (HCl), vigorous stirring continued for more than 24h, 24h crystallized into more than ethylene bottle, filtered, washed and dried, and finally calcined at 550 ℃ for more than 5h to remove the template agent or washing with solvent reflux to the template, and then filtered, washed and dried, the resulting white powder is the SBA-15. The raw materials used in the experiment the molar ratio of about 1TEOS: 0.017P123: 5.88HCl: 136H2O.
Synthesis Mechanism Mesoporous SBA-15 synthesis in line with the neutral template mechanism (S0I): neutral surfactant P123 (S0), and neutral inorganic silicon species (I0) through hydrogen bonding, there is strong electrostatic interaction, and further hydrolyzed with silanols and condensation lead to the accumulation of short-range hexagonal particles and the formation of the skeleton. SBA-15 synthesis under mild conditions, easy to remove the surfactant, and are unlikely to cause structural collapse; neutral surfactants and neutral inorganic precursor than the repulsive force between ionic surfactant and inorganic precursors with charge repulsion force is much smaller, can form a thick cell wall, thereby increasing the zeolite framework structure of the thermal and hydrothermal stability.
Affect  FactorsAffect the mesoporous SBA-15 structure of many factors, mainly the following aspects: Templin M, franck A and other studies have shown that organic copolymer as a template by changing its own chemical structure, chain length, functional groups, to regulate product size, mechanical and thermal performance purposes. Zhao and other used a new method - the co-solvent method to control the appearance of mesoporous materials and shape of particles. As in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent were obtained for the highly ordered, large aperture, "donut"-like mesoporous SBA-15. By controlling the total amount of solvent added, polarity, etc. can also change the size of SBA-15 morphology, such as the common solvent THF can be synthesized as "intestinal egg"-like SBA-15. By selecting the silicon source, adding additives to control the morphology of SBA-15. If you choose to use fat as the silicon is silica source has been the "wheat-like" SBA-15; choose is acid methyl ester as a silicon source to get the "cashew-like" SBA-15; added electrolytes, such as K2SO4, will be a round sheet SBA-15. Kohji Miyazawa and Shinji Inagaki synthesized by changing the temperature and the silicon source and template to control the ratio of SBA-15 pore volume and porosity, they pointed out that the temperature is higher than 100 ℃, can not be synthesized mesoporous SBA-15, increasing the silicon source compared with the template agent is an effective way to increase the pore volume. Y Bennadja, P Beaunier, who also observed that inorganic and organic precursors very close relationship between the precursor for synthesis of SBA-15 has a great impact. Ye Wang, Masato Noguchi synthetic aperture in the SBA-15 is adjustable between 3.6-12nm, they are joined trimethylbenzene as the expansion agent use increased after the aperture synthesis method of heat treatment.


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The Introduction of ZSM-11

ZSM-11  is tetragonal, with a two-dimensional pore structure, is an important shape-selective adsorbent and catalyst for good. ZSM-5 zeolite with the same family are Pentasil, because with the structure of zeolite ZSM-5 is very similar, so the synthesis of ZSM-11 zeolite in the process is prone to ZSM-11/ZSM-5 eutectic growth phenomenon . Therefore, high purity synthetic zeolite ZSM-11 has long been the problem of many researchers. The past is mainly used tetrabutylammonium bromide or tetrabutylammonium hydroxide as templating agent in the hydrothermal synthesis of ZSM-11 system, zeolite, on the basis of this the first time in the previous four-phenyl-butyl ammonium bromide and the top three ammonium chloride as a template to synthesize a common high-purity ZSM-11 zeolite. And focus from the alkalinity, template, water content, crystallization time and crystallization temperature, and several other areas examined in detail the various factors on the crystallization process and the impact of synthetic samples. By examining the two kinds of template for the synthesis of zeolite, and found that tetrabutyl ammonium bromide or tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide in the synthesis of ZSM-11 zeolite structure plays an important role in guiding, and phenyl trimethyl ammonium chloride presence is very necessary, plays to promote the synthesis of ZSM-11 zeolite purer, more well-crystallized role. In situ solid-phase inversion method to overcome the hot water system and some of the shortcomings of non-water system has to improve product quality, reduce cost, environmentally friendly advantages, synthetic zeolite is an ideal method. Therefore, this article hydrothermal method based on the phase inversion method using in situ solid-phase synthesis of pure ZSM-11 zeolite was investigated in the synthesis of the impact of various factors on the product, and with the conventional hydrothermal wears comparison .
The results show that in situ conversion of solid phase crystallization method can also be synthesized zeolite sample well. This system of water content in small, H_2O/SiO_2 minimum to 3 can still be a good synthesis of crystalline zeolite ZSM-11; in the case of absolute water, after numerous experiments have been amorphous product, indicating that water Solid-phase system in the heat and mass transfer plays a necessary role. In the solid-phase synthesis system, mineralizer NaF crystal nucleation played a role in the promotion, making synthesis of pure phase ZSM-11 zeolite easier. The development of hetero-atom zeolite molecular sieve synthesis and catalysis has great role in promoting, is one of the hot research in recent years, due to the introduction of a skeleton with a high catalytic activity of the hetero-atom, the zeolite has a special The catalytic properties; or modified by the modulation of these heteroatom zeolite catalyst can have a variety of functions, is a good composite catalytic materials. Therefore, growing attention in recent years heteroatom zeolite synthesis and application development. Impurity atoms in ZSM-11 zeolite is also the focus of attention. Therefore, the issue in the synthesis of pure silica ZSM-11 zeolite doped with boron atoms on the basis of further obtain pure phase, high crystallinity of B-ZSM-11 zeolite. Examined the boron atom of the zeolite synthesis process and products, and through a variety of characterization that boron atoms into the zeolite framework.
The results show that synthetic B-ZSM-11 zeolite, the ratio of raw materials in the range of Na_2O/SiO_2 than pure silicon than the synthetic zeolite ZSM-11 should be wide, and with the incorporation of boron increases, alkalinity be increased gradually. At the same time, using in situ solid-phase synthesis of doped B-ZSM-11 zeolite, compared the two systems and the synthesis of pure silica samples of zeolite ZSM-11 the similarities and differences found in B-ZSM-11 zeolite crystal cell parameters significantly less than pure silicon ZSM-11 zeolite, and the in situ solid-phase synthesis of B-ZSM-11 zeolite lattice parameters slightly larger than hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite samples. Nano-zeolite has a larger surface area, high surface energy, short-channel, etc., will help accelerate the catalytic reaction and adsorption heat and mass transfer process, thus improving catalyst utilization, enhanced reactivity and selectivity of the catalyst, extend the response operation cycle, to improve selectivity and reduce the coke deactivation, etc. have shown superior performance. Therefore, this article in the synthesis of conventional micron-ZSM-11 zeolite, based on the ratio of raw materials and by adjusting the crystallization conditions for the further synthesis of a 10nm particle size can be controlled in the suspended state within the zeolite ZSM-11 and B-ZSM- 11 zeolite, and examine the ratio of reactants and crystallization time on the synthesis of zeolite particle size, crystallinity and surface area of ​​impact. The results show that adding alkali and ethanol can effectively reduce the crystal particle size, to extend the crystallization time can significantly increase the grain size.

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What is CMK-3

CMK-3 over the CAC, adsorption capacity, adsorption rate, and equilibrium time is short, is a good adsorbent, while of the mesoporous carbon CMK-3 for phenol adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics. CMK-3 adsorption of phenol used Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm to describe the correlation is good, but more in line with Freundlich empirical formula. were used to simulate first-order reaction and second-order reaction model examined the adsorption kinetics and the calculation of these dynamics model rate constants. analog second-order reaction model and experimental data a good correlation between the respectively calculated thermodynamic parameters ΔG0, ΔS0 and ΔH0, results show that, CMK-3 for phenol adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous .
Mesoporous carbon is a new type of non-silicon-based mesoporous materials with large specific surface area (up to 2500m2 / g) and pore volume (up to 2.25cm3 / g), is expected to catalyst, hydrogen storage materials, electrode materials and other aspects of important applications, so are people’s attention. In addition, mesoporous materials obtained by the double-layer capacitance charge storage material above the metal oxide particles assembled electric capacity, far higher than commercially available metal oxide double-layer capacitors.
And pure mesoporous silica materials, mesoporous carbon materials exhibit unique properties, high specific surface area, high porosity; pore size adjustable within a certain range; mesoporous shapes, hole wall composition, structure and nature of the adjustable; by optimizing the synthesis conditions can be high thermal stability and hydrothermal stability; synthesis is simple, easy to operate, no physiological toxicity. It is still in its attraction of fuel cells, molecular sieve, adsorption, catalysis, electrochemistry and other areas of potential applications. In recent years, mesoporous materials science has become an international cross-chemistry, physics, materials, biology and other disciplines cross one of the hot areas of research, development of materials science have become an important milestone.
Mesoporous material as a photocatalyst for the treatment of environmental contaminants is one of the hot research in recent years. For example, mesoporous TiO2 Bi Nami TiO2 (P25) has a higher photocatalytic activity, because the mesoporous structure with high surface area to improve contact with organic molecules, an increase of surface adsorbed water and hydroxyl, water and hydroxyl groups with the catalyst surface can be excited by light the reaction of hydroxyl radical hole, and hydroxyl radical degradation of organic matter is a strong oxidant, can put a lot of biodegradable organic matter is oxidized to CO2 and water and other minerals. In addition, the ordered mesoporous materials for selective doping can improve the optical activity of visible light photocatalytic degradation of organic waste to increase the efficiency.
Now widely used in domestic water chlorine disinfection process though killed all bacteria, but had chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, monochloroacetic acid and a series of toxic organic compounds, its serious “three letter” effects (cancer, teratogenic, mutagenic) has attracted international scientific and medical community’s attention. Through the pores of mesoporous materials received on the inner wall of the school γ-chloropropyl triethoxysilane, has been functionalized mesoporous CPS-HMS, the functional mesoporous molecular sieves to remove traces of chloroform in water results are obvious, the removal rate of up to 97%. After the treated water chloroform concentrations below the national standard, even lower than the drinking water standards.



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The Introduction of SBA15

SBA15 mesoporous molecular sieves are a kind of synthesis it is the rise in recent years, another important chemical technology, in catalysis, separation, bio-and nano-material, and a wide range of applications, and its high hydrothermal stability advantages of catalysis, adsorption and separation of inorganic materials and other disciplines to develop advanced new research field. It can be expected, with the deepening of research for SBA15, the results inevitably in the chemical industry has a new breakthrough.
Synthesis of SBA-15Mesoporous SBA-15 synthesis is typical: in 35-40 ℃ under the conditions of the triblock surfactant P123 (Aldrich, EO20PO70EO20, Ma = 5800) dissolved in deionized water, added to which are silicon acid ethyl ester (TEOS), hydrochloric acid (HCl), vigorous stirring continued for more than 24h, 24h crystallized into more than ethylene bottle, filtered, washed and dried, and finally calcined at 550 ℃ for more than 5h to remove the template agent or washing with solvent reflux to the template, and then filtered, washed and dried, the resulting white powder is the SBA-15. The raw materials used in the experiment the molar ratio of about 1TEOS: 0.017P123: 5.88HCl: 136H2O.
Synthesis mechanism of SBA-15Mesoporous SBA-15 synthesis in line with the neutral template mechanism (S0I): neutral surfactant P123 (S0), and neutral inorganic silicon species (I0) through hydrogen bonding, there is strong electrostatic interaction, and further hydrolyzed with silanols and condensation lead to the accumulation of short-range hexagonal particles and the formation of the skeleton. SBA-15 synthesis under mild conditions, easy to remove the surfactant, and are unlikely to cause structural collapse; neutral surfactants and neutral inorganic precursor than the repulsive force between ionic surfactant and inorganic precursors with charge repulsion force is much smaller, can form a thick cell wall, thereby increasing the zeolite framework structure of the thermal and hydrothermal stability.
Affect the SBA-15 structure factorsAffect the mesoporous SBA-15 structure of many factors, mainly the following aspects: Templin M, franck A and other studies have shown that organic copolymer as a template by changing its own chemical structure, chain length, functional groups, to regulate product size, mechanical and thermal performance purposes. Zhao and other used a new method - the co-solvent method to control the appearance of mesoporous materials and shape of particles. As in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent were obtained for the highly ordered, large aperture, "donut"-like mesoporous SBA-15. By controlling the total amount of solvent added, polarity, etc. can also change the size of SBA-15 morphology, such as the common solvent THF can be synthesized as "intestinal egg"-like SBA-15. By selecting the silicon source, adding additives to control the morphology of SBA-15. If you choose to use fat as the silicon is silica source has been the "wheat-like" SBA-15; choose is acid methyl ester as a silicon source to get the "cashew-like" SBA-15; added electrolytes, such as K2SO4, will be a round sheet SBA-15. Kohji Miyazawa and Shinji Inagaki synthesized by changing the temperature and the silicon source and template to control the ratio of SBA-15 pore volume and porosity, they pointed out that the temperature is higher than 100 ℃, can not be synthesized mesoporous SBA-15, increasing the silicon source compared with the template agent is an effective way to increase the pore volume. Y Bennadja, P Beaunier, who also observed that inorganic and organic precursors very close relationship between the precursor for synthesis of SBA-15 has a great impact. Ye Wang, Masato Noguchi synthetic aperture in the SBA-15 is adjustable between 3.6-12nm, they are joined trimethylbenzene as the expansion agent use increased after the aperture synthesis method of heat treatment.

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The Use of ZSM-11

ZSM-11 was investigated in the synthesis of the impact of various factors on the product, and with the conventional hydrothermal wears comparison . By examining the two kinds of template for the synthesis of zeolite, and found that tetrabutyl ammonium bromide or tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide in the synthesis of ZSM-11 zeolite structure plays an important role in guiding, and phenyl trimethyl ammonium chloride presence is very necessary, plays to promote the synthesis of ZSM-11 zeolite purer, more well-crystallized role. In situ solid-phase inversion method to overcome the hot water system and some of the shortcomings of non-water system has to improve product quality, reduce cost, environmentally friendly advantages, synthetic zeolite is an ideal method. Therefore, high purity synthetic zeolite ZSM-11 has long been the problem of many researchers. The past is mainly used tetrabutylammonium bromide or tetrabutylammonium hydroxide as templating agent in the hydrothermal synthesis of ZSM-11 system, zeolite, on the basis of this the first time in the previous four-phenyl-butyl ammonium bromide and the top three ammonium chloride as a template to synthesize a common high-purity ZSM-11 zeolite. And focus from the alkalinity, template, water content, crystallization time and crystallization temperature, and several other areas examined in detail the various factors on the crystallization process and the impact of synthetic samples.
The development of hetero-atom zeolite molecular sieve synthesis and catalysis has great role in promoting, is one of the hot research in recent years, due to the introduction of a skeleton with a high catalytic activity of the hetero-atom, the zeolite has a special The catalytic properties; or modified by the modulation of these heteroatom zeolite catalyst can have a variety of functions, is a good composite catalytic materials. this article in the synthesis of conventional micron-ZSM-11 zeolite, based on the ratio of raw materials and by adjusting the crystallization conditions for the further synthesis of a 10nm particle size can be controlled in the suspended state within the zeolite ZSM-11 and B-ZSM- 11 zeolite, and examine the ratio of reactants and crystallization time on the synthesis of zeolite particle size, crystallinity and surface area of ​​impact. The results show that adding alkali and ethanol can effectively reduce the crystal particle size, to extend the crystallization time can significantly increase the grain size.


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The Introduction of SAPO-11

A molecular sieve SAPO-11 silicoaluminophosphate crystal structure and stability of the first synthesized. Through the burning remove template, the crystals are still icm2 provide space group of the synthetic. From the current SAPO-11 materials produce catalyst shows the high selectivity and the higher the isomerization of paraffin wax hydrogenation isomerization yields than other parts of the report.
SAPO-11 molecular sieves in isomerizationdue hydrocarbon potential applications show the special pore structure and the adjustable acidity1, 2. Aluminum (aluminum phosphate-11) the airport express line type structure molecular sieve aluminum molecular sieve family3, belongs to the department of orthogonal crystal space group of members of the icm2 provide, and integrated the 10 members of the ring aperture 3.6 x 6.3 A. Roasting remove amine (as a template), it still belongs to orthogonal crystal department, but its the symmetry of change and space group took turns Pna213, 4. The main difference between the diffraction peaks, is obviously different from the former calcination3, usually and diffraction peak disappeared in 2 θ, = 21.00 ~ 21.20 degrees and appearance of the diffraction peak in 2 θ = 21.80 ~ 21.95 degrees. SAPO-11 and also the silicoaluminophosphate family5 members are former calcining aluminum phosphate-and the same structure and X-ray diffraction map, but with different methods of synthesis calcined sample may appear different space group. In most cases, the space of Pna21, forAlPO4-11, but icm2 provide and Pna21 mixture was also observed5, 6. To our knowledge, after roasting the group stages of the space of pure icm2 provide have not yet been reported. Here, for the first time, we are to SAPO-11 molecular sieve through the burning remove template, space group of icm2 provide stable crystal structure, and it showshigher paraffin wax hydrogenation isomerization selective and higher hydroisomers than previously reported.
For the preparation of molecular sieve SAPO-11 and stability of the crystal structure, mixed precursor phosphoric acid (including 85 wt % of phosphoric acid), hydrated alumina (pseudo boehmite by aluminum sulfate containing 72% of Al2O3), silicon sol (including 26% of SiO2), DI-N-2-propanol (chemical pure) and diisopropylamine recovered (chemical pure). The typical process: 145.3 grams of phosphoric acid and 217.6 g of deionized water to join agelation autoclave under 35 ℃ to water heating, mixing 30 minutes, 99.2 g increases the hydration alumina stir 2 hours. Then, DI-N-2-propanol 14.17 g and 21.25 g of diisopropylamine recovered to mix evenly, and then add in the above gel reaction kettle, mixing 2 hours. Finally, increased 66.62 grams of silicon sol, thoroughly stir 2 hours, so the reaction mixture preparation. We found that gelation temperature is very important, the literature and have not mentioned. A sealed inside a part of the reaction mixtures stainless steel crystallization reaction axe in 160 ℃ heating 24 hours
Their stress. Crystal products, and then filter, washing and drying 100 ~ 110 ℃ for the night to get the molecular sieve powder products. As part of the raw material.Powder detected by X-ray diffraction (instrument is brooke 5005 model), the result of the data (see table 1) from reference5 arecoincident. That said, the molecular sieve AEL structure with synthesis of molecular sieve.



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What is MCM-41

MCM-41 is a new type of nano structure material, has featured six party in orderly arrangement, size uniform, pore diameter can be in 2-10 nm range continuous adjustment, high spicific surface etc. Characteristics. MCM-and from the traditional synthesis Molecule sieve synthesis is the biggest characteristic of the template, different, traditional zeolite synthesis of molecular sieve Molecule or small organic Molecule in a single molecular or metal ion for template agent and ZSM-5 as an example, the typical template, for four propyl amine ion, crystal is through the acid salt in the template, around the formation of condensation. And the synthesis of MCM-41 is different, it is in large Molecule molecular surfactants as a template,, template, alkyl chain generally more than 10 carbon atom, about the formation of it has already proposed two mechanism, and continue to improve and perfect. Compared with other zeolite materials, MCM-41 molecular sieve, pore size uniform, is a long term ordered mesoporous materials with high specific surface area, adsorption capacity, residue catalytic cracking, heavy oil hydrogenation, lubricating oil hydrogenation, alkylation, pore structure characteristics, the unity of the olefin polymerization, in acid catalysis and separation process, in petrochemical industry separation carbon dioxide and methane have considerable potential applications, sensing technology, heterogeneous catalysis, ion exchange and adsorption separation in the fields of the advanced inorganic materials have higher value.
MCM-41 skeleton aluminum species are relatively poor thermal stability, in the roasting process, aluminum frame by frame fall off as a species skeleton aluminum species. Pure silicon MCM-41 itself acid is very weak, as catalytic activity directly is low. Therefore, researchers often the modification, to increase its catalytic activity.


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The Application of graphite oxide powder

graphite oxide powder is called graphite oxide, graphitic oxide or graphitic acid, is a compound of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen in variable ratios, obtained by treating graphite with strong oxidizers.The maximally oxidized bulk product is yellow solid with C:O ratio between 2.1 and 2.9.Partial reduction can be achieved by treating the suspended graphene oxide with hydrazine hydrate at 100oC for 24 hours, or by exposing graphene oxide to hydrogen plasma for a few seconds. However, the conductivity of the graphene obtained by this route ranges between 0.05 to 2 S/cm, and the charge mobility is between 2 to 200 cm2/Vs for holes and 0.5 to 30 cm2/Vs for electrons. These values are much greater than the oxide’s, but still a few orders of magnitude lower than those of pristine graphene. Inspection with the atomic force microscope shows that the oxygen bonds distort the carbon layer, creating a pronounced intrinsic roughness in the oxide layers which persists after reduction. These defects also show up in Raman spectrum of graphene oxide.
graphite oxide powder use of the invention of nano-graphene oxide as an antimicrobial to restore the application materials can be nano-graphene oxide as an additive reduction is made with antimicrobial properties of antibacterial coating made ​​of a product or material, used in medical and daily life.Dispersed in organic solvents, oxidation behavior graphène different effects. Such as oxidized graphite manufacturing, N-méthyl-2-pyrrolidone N-diméthylformamide dispersed, tétrahydrofurane, built with ethylene glycol.



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