The graphite oxide, formerly known as graphitic oxide or graphitic acid, is a compound of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen in various proportions, obtained by treating the graphite with strong oxidizers. The bulk material is oxidized at most a yellow solid with a ratio C: O ratio between 2.1 and 2.9, which preserves the structure of graphite layer, but with a wider spacing and irregular.
The bulk material dispersed in basic solution to give monomolecular sheets, called graphene oxide by analogy to graphene, to form a single layer of graphite. Graphene oxide sheets were used to prepare a strong paper-like material, and have recently attracted substantial interest as a possible intermediary making graphene. However, from 2010 this goal remains elusive since graphene obtained by this method still has many chemical and structural defects.Graphite oxide was prepared by Oxford chemist Benjamin C. Brodie in 1859, by treating graphite with a mixture of potassium chlorate and fuming nitric acid.In Offeman 1957 Hummers and developed a process safer, faster and more efficient, using a mixture of sulfuric acid, H2SO4, sodium nitrate NaNO3 , potassium permanganate, KMnO4, which is still widely used (in 2009). Recently, a safe procedure and is best developed using sulfuric acid, H2SO4, H3PO4 phosphoric acid, and potassium oxide KMnO4.Graphite permanganate exfoliates and rapidly decomposes when heated to moderately high temperatures (~ 280-300 ° C) with formation of fine dispersion of amorphous carbon, somewhat similar to activated carbon.
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